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Heroin Is The Most Addictive And Habit - 1385 Words

Worldwide, there exists an ever growing and expanding market for illegal recreational narcotics. Of those drugs, in accordance to virtually every source and study, heroin is described as the most addictive and habit forming. The main derivative of heroin is the poppy seed commonly indigenous to Central America. Poppy seed derivatives, like heroin and methadone are categorized as types of opioids. Any drug which is qualified as an opioid must act upon the nervous system in order to relieve pain and supply an euphoric feeling to the user. These drugs are the most commonly prescribed and widely consumed form of medication in regards to chronic pain relief, despite the well know fact that they are considered to be the most hazardous and†¦show more content†¦Morphine inhibits the synaptic gap between the neurons and essentially blocks the pain chemicals from reaching the other end. It also dulls the action potential to prevent the neurons from even firing to begin with. Once the brain habituates to the sensations caused by the neural blockage, it becomes increasingly difficult to resist. This is what could be described in layman s terms as â€Å"addiction.† The powerful and consuming urge which exists within all of living creature once it becomes accustomed to a particular sensation. Those doctors who swear upon the use of drugs like oxycontin and morphine seem to have very little evidence to attribute to their argument regarding the safety of the medication. Some doctors claim that the medication is the most readily available of pain killers, and they would be correct. America is the largest consumer of opioid products, legal and otherwise. The US owns nearly 81% of the world’s supply of oxycodone, and it helps generate a billion dollar industry. (INC, 2012) These statistics alone give it the advantage in comparison to the safer alternatives listed within this article. It has become a culturally accepted phenomenon, which likely attributes to its 76 million script popularity. (UNODC, World Drug Report 2012.) These may look like potential advantages, however, doctors fail to truly analyze the effects the drug has upon the patients who consume it. At theShow MoreRelatedHeroin Addiction Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesHeroin Addiction Heroin addicts have the psychological dependence on heroin that leads them into the state of self-destruction and the possibility of leading to death by the extreme use of heroin. Never estimate the poppy flower for its power that withholds the fiends to their mentality enduring the euphoria enslavement of the mind that contained for many centuries. The heroin addiction nation is a self numbing injection and dry approach to have the mind under the state of the greatest feeling ofRead MoreThe Ironical History Of Substance Abuse1218 Words   |  5 Pagesand offering a dangerous environment in which to dream drug induced dreams. But businessmen, aristocrats, authors, actors, and even notables of the Old West, such as Wild Bill Hickok and Kit Carson, indulged in this addictive recreation. It was no less destructive and addictive for them than it was for the poor, but wealthier people could extend the degenerative spiral. Sir Author Conan Doyle in his Sherlock Holmes story, â€Å"The Man with the Twisted Lip,† describes such places in Victorian EnglandRead MoreThe Problem Of The Heroin Epidemic1892 Words   |  8 Pages Many people may not realize this but multiple states, including Michigan, are facing an epidemic. It is not a disease, however, it is a heroin epidemic. In a country where addictive opioid pain-killer prescriptions are handed out like candy, it not surprising heroin, also known as smack or thunder, has become a serious problem. The current heroin epidemic Michigan is facing, as are dozens of other states, has spiraled out of control in recent years. In Michigan, some of the areas hit hardest byRead MoreFast Food is Killing Americans Essay629 Words   |  3 Pagesfor a snack. Addiction to fast food is a serious problem and a person’s craving for it can cause them to become obese in a rather short time. Current research in rats has shown that high-calorie, high-fat foods have almost the same affects as heroin and cocaine. During the same research, the group of rats that ate all of the fast food they could eat could no longer control whether or not they were hungry. Even despite electric shocks, they continued to eat until they became obese. When theRead MoreWhy I Shouldn t Use Heroin1448 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"When I was 16, I started using heroin. I had no idea that I would fall in love with such a terrible drug. I loved everything about this drug, it made me feel numb, warm, and fuzzy at all the time. At first, I used it as an escape from my violent memories, but as time went by I used it because I couldn’t function without it. When I wouldn’t use heroin, my body would hurt, I would throw up non-stop, I would be weak, but also in so much pain that I wasn’t able to sleep at night. Over time, I wouldRead MoreEssay on The Drug Heroin1390 Words   |  6 Pagesand various other purposes. During the 7th Century A.D. in China a drug emerged called Opium. Opium, the dry juice from immature seed pods of the opium poppy plant, is a narcotic drug that is very powerful in the relief of pain but is also very addictive. At the beginning Opium was like any other drug, but then people unaware of the harm it could cause began to use it more and more often. During the 19th century in China there was a period called the Opium Wars where the use of Opium had becomeRead MoreDrug Addiction Has Become An Epidemic1352 Words   |  6 Pagesprescription painkillers and many more become addicted (CDC). Opioid overdose covering a range of drugs – from morphine and heroin to painkillers such as oxycodone – claim nearly 70,000 lives each year ( UN health agency). With a constantly increasing rate, drug addiction has become an epidemic. Opiates are now the common choice of drug and is accumulating deaths by the thousands. Heroin, which is derived from the poppy plant and is the recreational form of morphine, is leading the statistics in deathsRead MoreThe Transformation of Heroin from a Wonder Drug to an Abused Narcotic1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe Transformation of Heroin from a Wonder Drug to an Abused Narcotic In 1898, the Bayer Company in Germany developed an opium derivative ten times more potent than morphine. This new drug was seen as a wonder drug and to suggest the heroic curative power of this new drug, its creators named it heroin. Heroin has transformed over the years from a prominent pharmaceutical drug to a very addictive and misused drug (Freeman 48). Heroin initially was available over the counter and was widelyRead MorePrescription Painkillers And Its Effects On America1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthese Americans are not dying from illegal drugs like cocaine, meth, heroin, or marijuana. Instead, legal opioid painkillers were the biggest cause of overdose, resulting in approximately 14,000 deaths in 2014. In the 1990s, doctors began treating chronic pain as a serious issue, prescribing large amounts of opioid painkillers, and by 2012 doctors wrote 259 million prescriptions for painkillers. Opioid painkillers are highly addictive drugs that bind to receptors in the brain, reducing pain messagingRead MoreHeroin: the Devastating Thrtuh1386 Words   |  6 PagesHeroin: The Devastating Truth April Matthews COM/172 08-11-2014 UoP Heroin: The Devastating Truth The United States is in the grips of one of the worst heroin epidemics in its history, due in part to a flood of cheap doses of the drug. In some regions, heroin is deemed highly available by local police in more than three times the number of communities as it was just seven years ago. This drug has taken many lives in the past

Altruism/Kin Selection Free Essays

â€Å"Dream as if you’ll live forever, live as if you’ll die today (James Dean)! † By this being said ants and bees are there to protect and provide for the queen at any means necessary. This is where altruism and kin selection play a huge role in the lives of bee’s and ants. Kin selection and Altruism is equal with social insects to dominate many terrestrial habitats that they can hardly describe it as colony of organisms because the individuals appear to operate as a unit that is dedicated to the perpetuation and reproduction of the colony as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Altruism/Kin Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now Altruism and Kin selection vary in many ways. There are small colonies with only a few individuals and then there are some with thousands or even millions of individuals. Colonies may begin by single individual or by a large cohort of a parent colony. In some bee’s and ant colonies they are short lived or seasonal, but they may persist for many years. Bees and ants colonies consist of both sexes; however, others are entirely females. Since the Hymenoptera (ants and bees) are haplodiploid, the diploid female produces from fertilized eggs and haploid males from unfertilized eggs (David C. Queller and Joan E. Strassmann). They have a society that is similar to one another when it comes to reproductive division of labor. The insects have only one or a few reproductive, called queens. The individual are workers that specialize in foraging, defending, and carrying for the young. However, they may or may not be morphologically distinct from the reproducing caste (Queller and Strassma nn). Kin selection and altruism is widely important according to William D. Hamilton, he generalized it, quantified it, and was the first to argue that it was important. They formalize the obvious point that helping relatives is advantageous, whereas harming them is not. Basically it explains how to look over situations in which there are tradeoffs between help and harm, for instance like with the bees and ants, they show helping manners rather than harming. Ants and bees know when to aid one relative at the expense of another. Instead of having the mentality of being on there own all the time, having to look over their shoulder 24/7. They have always made an interesting challenge to our evolving notion and social insects are highly altruistic. Altruism is sensational, when a worker bee commits suicide in stinging an adversary (Turner J. Scott). The hordes of sterile workers that help others come from their parents or occasionally siblings that reproduce in their stead. Darwin thinks that treating altruism as a subterfuge will advance the genetic of the insects to interest of altruist. Interplay between kin selection theory and Altruism has been very complex. Now with bees and ants, altruistic behavior is favored by genetic peculiarity called haplodiploidy. Which means; the parental genes are transmitted differently into male and female offspring. Haplodiploidy skews the genetic relationships between parents and siblings in a way that favors altruism (Scott). Bees that work can most effectively transmit her genes to the future generations not by producing her own offspring though. However, it forces her mother to produce sisters for her. Bee colonies are single fertile queens as well as ants and the hordes of the sterile, we cannot forget about the female workers either. The production of a few fertile females and drones follow from the genetic peculiarity (Manojkumar, Ramteke, and Gupta Santosh K. ). Kin selection operates in the organisms other than altruism, has an important goal to include all of the organisms in a common explanatory framework. It has the theory that predicts that colony mates must be related and that sterility must be conditionally expressed. In some insects, for instance, the ant in particular, colonies are founded by numerous unrelated queens. Since they collaborate often in the face of brood stealing by other colonies and in rearing a larger initial worker force, which is crucial for the early survival of the colony (Wenseleers, Tom, Adam G. Hart, and Francis L. W. Ratnieks). Then the workers that emerge, cooperation among the queens usually ends and all killed except one, either by their rivals or by workers. If the queen has some type of probability of being the sole survivor, queens that has direct benefits is more mutualistic than altruistic. Being that no altruistic sacrifice requiring kin selection takes place and each queen takes a calculated risk i n trying to become the sole queen of a large successful colony. The queens that are not related fight for control of the nest and workers force. These fights are very intense and end in the death of all but one queen. A great challenge to the central prediction of kin selection is posted by ants, called unicolonial ants, which are characterized by huge colonies, many queens, and little aggression within a network of interconnected nests that are probably formed by budding. Even though so little kin selection is possible, unless individuals can distinguish close kin from random colony mates, altruism might be maintained. This is so workers in these species are too specialized to revert to a reproductive role. With zero relatedness, traits of nonreproductive workers lose all heritability and workers traits can no longer evolve adaptively (Queller and Strassmann). For kin selection to produce a sterile caste it’s genes for sterility must either be expressed conditionally or have low penetrance. A sterility gene that is always expressed never gets reproduced even if it indirectly. This is so any relatives with the gene are also sterile. However, a sterility gene expressed only in poorly fed females causes them to help well-fed relatives, which can then transmit their unexpressed sterility genes is a prime example of evolving under kin selection (Queller and Strassmann). Queenship in stingless bees is thought to be because of heterozygosity, which is a special mechanism that is consistent with altruism. The most shocking support for kin selection from of any organism comes from the studies of sex ratio. Sex ratio equilibrium occurs when the number of males and females are equal. The relatedness does not cancel if the sex ratio is controlled by workers in the ants or bees, whose haplodiploid genetic system generates peculiar pattern (Queller and Strassmann). Most colonies that are headed by a single mated queen, workers can allocate their effort between two kinds of reproductive. One is a female who are full sister, related by 0. 75, and males who are brothers that are related by 0. 25. Then there is the reproductive males and females who are equally costly to produce. This theory is predicted by a population equilibrium at three reproductive female for every reproductive male (Queller and Strassmann). Being that the ratio is an equilibrium the average male has three fold reproductive advantage over the average female, which an advantage that is exactly balanced from the worker point of view by the fact that a brother carries only one third of as many worker genes as a sister. Males and females are not equally costly the same conclutions hold for ratio of investments because the queen controls the investment, which mean the equilibrium is a 1:1 investment ratio. Whereas, under the workers control the equilibrium investment ratio is 3:1, therefore this provided the females reared are full sisters. Haplodiploid hypothesis has been so influential that it is sometimes confused with the much more general theory of kin selection itself (Queller and Strassmann). Meanwhile, the decline has sometimes led to the misimpression that kin selection theory has been proven inadequate. Many female Hymenoptera have the abilities that could make them effective workers. There are many ways in which groups of individuals can organize their work synergistically as a rule; this synergism must evolve after cooperation has been initiated for other reasons. There is an exception that might arise if a female is in a poor condition and is unable to function well as reproductive but are still able function well as helpers provides better defense against predators. Two stings might be more than twice as effective as in one. Kin Selection and Altruism play a huge roll in ants and bees colonies to help them survive longer and to keep the colony running as long as it does. Without these bees and ants probably would not last more than a few weeks. How to cite Altruism/Kin Selection, Papers

Market Research brief for Subway-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Prepare a Market Research brief for Subway. Answer: Introduction: Background of the company: Subway belonging to the current era has occupied a predominant place in the realm of food industry for its quality of products and systematic service process. After beginning their journey from 1965 this particular organization has aimed to have 32 stores within 10 years (subway.com 2017). High quality of sandwich is the core product that the service providers of Subway tend to provide to the customers of different psychological backgrounds. The primary mission of Subway is to deliver those products to the customers which are environmental friendly. In order to enhance the range of target market the organization has decided to expand the entire business process in Melbourne. As per IBIS report this particular brand is surviving for five years in the market of Australia by involving around 10 stores in the market (Ibisworld.com 2017). Competitive landscape: As per the current market scenario the three primary competitors with whom subway has to get major market threat includes Pizza Hut, McDonalds and Burger King. As per the market strategy and policy of Dominos customer should get the proper services. Customers should never wait for a long time in order to receive a service of their products (Nunan and Di Domenico 2013). Industry concentration of Pizza Hut is low, with the top four operators holding less than 40.0% of the market share. Subway is having 17.3% market share all over the West only. On the other hand, the market strategy of McDonalds believes that the business experts should render varieties of products within the service centre to enhance the number of target customer. In addition, Pizza Hut has already gained immense reputation for maintaining the quality of product along with its services. In the market of Melbourne the recognition of these three food service centers has already been established. In order to create a new trade mark the product managers of Subway has decided to deliver such kind of products that are very much environmental friendly. In order to give a major threat the business experts of Subway have decided to establish their business in Melbourne. In 2016, wages are expected to consume 24.5% of industry revenue (Ibisworld.com 2017). Product variety is not the primary objective of Subway of drawing customers attention. The business experts aim to achieve the recognition by delivering environmental friendly products to the customers of Melbourne. Research problem: It has been observed that Subway fails to catch the attention of Australian people as they have not established sufficient number of counters in this particular country. Therefore, the business experts have decided to establish their business process in the market of Melbourne. The overall population of Melbourne is increasing rapidly (Arvanitis, Deligiannakis and Vassiliou 2012). The business experts have thus decided to expand a new franchise operation in the market of Melbourne for drawing the attention of customers. Therefore, this particular research has decided to conduct an in-depth overview regarding the current needs and demands of the consumers in the market of Melbourne. By conducting an effective competitive analysis the study has decided to do the entire market research for collecting necessary response from the customers. Research objective: The primary objective of the research is To highlight the impact of market research in expanding the entire business process of Subway in Melbourne To make an effective competitive analysis in order to know the market strategies and policies of other competitors of Subway To recommend some of the major ways of overcoming the barriers that marketing managers of Subway have to face for conducting market research Market information: Macro environmental analysis: In order to expand the business in Melbourne Subway should make an effective macro analysis for gathering data regarding the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. Political Among the Asia-Pacific region Australia is one of the most stable countries having co-operation from government. Business experts get support in leading a business process in the market of Australia. Economic Australia is economically developed country. Therefore, based on the income status of the target customers, Subway can fix the price rang of their product. Social Melbourne is possessed with the people of different cultural and religious attitudes. Therefore, Subway should not produce any product that is acceptable for a specific target group Technological Melbourne is technologically developed country. Therefore, the business experts of Subway can maintain their business through online services as well. Environmental The environment of Melbourne is stable enough to run the business process of a food center like Subway Legal While establishing the entire business process in Melbourne Subway should follow government taxation policies. Table 1: Macro environmental analysis (Source: Cova, Kozinets and Shankar 2012) Micro environmental analysis: The sandwich and sub store franchise of Subway has developed their menu in order to expand their business process in the multi-national countries. From the competitive analysis it has been observed that the target customers of Melbourne tend to seek for product variety. One of the major strengths of Subway is environmental friendly products. At the same time, it has been considered as a major weakness that Subway is not possessed with product variety (Zhang and Jensen 2012). After conducting the market analysis the business experts of Subway have decided to develop their menu card. The biggest opportunities of Subway in expanding their business in the market of Melbourne include making a concern on healthier menu option by catering niche market. Consumer information: Before launching the business process in the market of Melbourne some of the necessary information can be collected. The information includes demographic attitudes of consumers, consumers behavior and consumers perception. It has been assumed that Australian customers are having with high rate of income status. In Melbourne, Subway can concentrate on premium customers only as the inhabitants are flexible enough in affording high prices. On the other hand, as per the perception of marketing managers of Subway customers tend to get an in-depth overview regarding the products and services before purchasing the product (Goffin et al. 2012). Therefore, the business experts of Subway can make promotional activities through new media so that customers from different geographical boundaries can get an overall idea about the products and services. Research design: Data collection: In order to make an effective research data collection procedure is one of the most significant methods of gathering necessary information from various sources. Data collection procedure is constituted of two types including primary data collection procedure and secondary data collection procedure (Gustafsson, Herrmann and Huber 2013). Primary data collection can be conducted with the help of survey, interview and focus group and so on. In primary source of data collection method necessary information is collected with the direct involvement of the respondents. On the other hand, the data analysts can get an immediate response from the participants. On the other hand, secondary data collection is conducted from various books, journals, magazines, newspapers. As a result, data can be critically evaluated with the opinion of eminent scholars. Data collection method: Data collection method is constituted with two primary categories including qualitative data collection technique and quantitative data collection technique. Quantitative data collection is the technique of gathering information from survey questionnaires. On the other hand, qualitative data collection is the technique of gathering data from interviews and focus group. For this particular study, market research can be conducted on quantitative data collection technique in order to involve the target customers directly for knowing their needs and demands of the products of Subway (Cechanowicz et al. 2013). Total 50 target consumers from Melbourne have been selected for gathering necessary data and information. Sample design: Sample design is the systematic way of collecting data and information from the specific number of respondents among large number of population. Sampling technique is constituted with two several method including probability sampling technique and non-probability sampling technique. Probability sampling technique is otherwise named as random sampling technique. With the help of random sampling method data can be collected not from a specific group of people (Yang and Cui 2012). On the other hand, with the help of non-probability sampling technique data is collected by involving a specific group of people. For this specific study non-probability sampling approach has been chosen. However, this particular study has focused to select non-probability sampling technique. Total 50 consumers of Melbourne is selected for gathering necessary responses. In order to gather feedback 50 consumers of Subway are sufficient for collecting necessary information. Analysis and reporting requirements: Data analysis would be conducted with the help of statistical data. After collecting the response from participants, the researcher would like to represent the data with the help of graphical representation by measuring mean, median and mode. Graphical representation helps an individual to analyze data at a glance (Sarstedt and Mooi 2014). Questions would be formulated in such a way that the respondents do not get the scope of giving biased decision. Questionnaires can be like that: How far do you believe that the products of Subway is creating a threat for its competitors? Options Number of respondents Total respondents Percentage representation of the total response Strongly Agree 20 50 40% Agree 15 50 30% Neutral 5 50 10% Disagree 5 50 10% Strongly Disagree 5 50 10% Timeline and budgets: Main activities/ stages Month February Month March Month April Month May Month June Month July Budget Topic Selection NA Data collection from secondary sources $200 Framing layout of the research $500 Literature review $700 Formation of the research Plan $700 Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques $900 Primary data collection $1200 Analysis Interpretation of Data Collection $1500 Conclusion of the Study $1700 Formation of Rough Draft $2000 Submission of Final Work Total $9400 Selection criteria: In order to make an effective market research Subway has communicated with TNS Australia. The primary responsibility of this particular research agency is to evaluate necessary data and information regarding the needs and demands of the customers of Melbourne. Behind selecting this particular agency a scorecard matrix of selection criteria has been explained below: Figure 1: Scorecard Matrix (Source: Nunan and Di Domenico 2013) The above score card is used at the time of selection of criteria of a market research agency. The selection criterion includes vision and strategy, customer, learning and growth, internal business process and financials. Code of practice: While conducting the entire research work, the concerned researcher has to follow necessary code of practice. This particular code of practice ensures that the entire research work has been conducted by maintaining ethics, beliefs and values. Informed consent ensures that data and information would have to be collected with the consent of respondents (Sarstedt and Mooi 2014). Not single respondents would be forced for collecting necessary data and information. Data would be used with the consent of the participants. Data collection and process ensures that every single data should have a proper sources, validity and reliability. Without having accuracy data should not be used within the research work. Code of professional behavior ensures that researcher should be honest in collecting data. An individual while conducting a research should never force the participants for providing iformation. Conclusion: The entire study has focused to make an in-depth market analysis based on Melbourne city. Melbourne being one of the most populated countries in Australia is endowed with large number of people having high rate of income status. Over the past several years Subway has aimed to deliver those kinds of products that generate more energy efficiency, water conservation and food and water quality. This particular organization has appointed large number of employees for providing effective services. The business experts have expanded their widespread wings in different geographical boundaries. Therefore, for expanding the business process in Australia for Subway, Melbourne can be considered as the recognizable place for expanding the entire widespread wings. Necessary data and information would be collected for getting an in-depth idea regarding the needs and demands of customers. An effective competitors analysis has also been conducted with the help of which the necessary weakness of Subwa y has been identified. Reference List: Arvanitis, A., Deligiannakis, A. and Vassiliou, Y., 2012, October. Efficient influence-based processing of market research queries. InProceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management(pp. 1193-1202). ACM. Cechanowicz, J., Gutwin, C., Brownell, B. and Goodfellow, L., 2013, October. Effects of gamification on participation and data quality in a real-world market research domain. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications(pp. 58-65). ACM. Cova, B., Kozinets, R. and Shankar, A., 2012.Consumer tribes. Routledge. Goffin, K., Varnes, C.J., van der Hoven, C. and Koners, U., 2012. Beyond the voice of the customer: Ethnographic market research.Research-Technology Management,55(4), pp.45-53. Gustafsson, A., Herrmann, A. and Huber, F. eds., 2013.Conjoint measurement: Methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Ibisworld.com. 2017.Sandwich Sub Store Franchises Market Research | IBISWorld. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/specialized-market-research-reports/business-franchises/food-beverage/sandwich-sub-store-franchises.html [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Kharitonov, D., Juniper Networks, Inc., 2012.Integrated packet inspection and modification system and network device for internet service provider market research and influence. U.S. Patent 8,259,722. Nunan, D. and Di Domenico, M., 2013. Market research the ethics of big data.International Journal of Market Research,55(4), pp.505-520. Sarstedt, M. and Mooi, E., 2014. A concise guide to market research.The Process, Data, and. subway.com, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.subway.com/en-IN [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Yang, A. and Cui, Y., 2012. Global coal risk assessment: data analysis and market research.World Resources Institute Working Paper. Zhang, J.K. and Jensen, J.M., Arbitron Inc., 2012.Methods and systems for mapping locations of wireless transmitters for use in gathering market research data. U.S. Patent 8,229,469.